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The use of stable isotopes in the trophic ecology of birds
Rusnáková, Michaela ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Procházka, Petr (referee)
Recently, the use of stable isotope analysis has been becoming increasingly common in ecological studies of animals. This interesting method is based on the premise that the isotope composition of consumer's tissues is related to the isotope composition of the sustenance consumed. This allows us to explore the contribution of individual food sources to the diet of species, populations or individuals, and at the same time to study their position in the trophic chains. The method enables us to research even omnivores, consuming variable food with different nutrients and isotope composition. Nevertheless, isotope values can differ depending on diet preferences, species physiology and the tissue type used for the analysis. This review summarizes current knowledge and results in the topic of stable isotope analysis, particularly in ornithological studies where the approach in question has been used to study the diet and trophic position. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Stable isotopes in study of diet in Ursidae, including fossil taxa.
Marková, Aneta ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Čermák, Stanislav (referee)
Composition of food of members of the family Ursidae is often discussed topic. Up to now, however, there is some uncertainty about the trophic level of some fossil groups. Very useful method which helps us to determine the trophic level of the fossil species and determine the relative proportion of plant and animal components in the recent ones is the analysis of the stable isotopes. This study summarizes present state of methodological approaches and possibilities of use of the stable isotopes 13 C and 15 N in the study of foraging ecology of bears. The results of the analysis of stable isotopes are presented together with results obtained by other methods. Attention is paid to groups for which the relevant isotopic data are available, with special emphasis on the cave bear, which trophic level is evaluated on the basis of stable isotopes analysis as well as in the evolutionary and nutrition context.
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Study of water flow and geochemical processes in the unsaturated zone of carbonate and salt karst
Kamas, Jiří ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee) ; Buzek, František (referee)
Water flow and geochemical processes within the unsaturated zone (UZ) in two distinct types of karst environment were investigated using natural tracers (chemistry, stable isotopes 13 C, 18 O, 2 H, and 3 H, 14 C, 87 Sr/86 Sr). The extent of horizontal flow component and the response of drip water chemistry to recharge events were examined in the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic), while the character of water flow and its chemistry were studied in salt diapirs in southeastern part of the Zagros mountains (Iran). Under the conditions of well-developed epikarst, the horizontal flow component, defined as Hmax/T (Hmax = horizontal migration component, T - thickness of VZ) typically reaches values of 0.1 - 0.6 (Moravian and Slovenian Karst). However, in areas where epikarst was stripped off by glacial or human activity, the proportion of horizontal flow component is far greater (Hmax/T 1.6 - 24). This parameter is vital for the design of water source protection zones above caves. Nitrate mean residence time in 120 m thick VZ of the Moravian karst exceeded 16 years. The VZ above the Ochoz Cave (Moravian Karst) represents a semi-open to open system with respect to soil CO2. Under a high drip rate (high flow), the event water only made 5% of the total. During the year, water degassing and so called prior...
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The use of stable isotopes in the trophic ecology of birds
Rusnáková, Michaela ; Hořák, David (advisor) ; Procházka, Petr (referee)
Recently, the use of stable isotope analysis has been becoming increasingly common in ecological studies of animals. This interesting method is based on the premise that the isotope composition of consumer's tissues is related to the isotope composition of the sustenance consumed. This allows us to explore the contribution of individual food sources to the diet of species, populations or individuals, and at the same time to study their position in the trophic chains. The method enables us to research even omnivores, consuming variable food with different nutrients and isotope composition. Nevertheless, isotope values can differ depending on diet preferences, species physiology and the tissue type used for the analysis. This review summarizes current knowledge and results in the topic of stable isotope analysis, particularly in ornithological studies where the approach in question has been used to study the diet and trophic position. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Study of water flow and geochemical processes in the unsaturated zone of carbonate and salt karst
Kamas, Jiří ; Bruthans, Jiří (advisor) ; Tesař, Miroslav (referee) ; Buzek, František (referee)
Water flow and geochemical processes within the unsaturated zone (UZ) in two distinct types of karst environment were investigated using natural tracers (chemistry, stable isotopes 13 C, 18 O, 2 H, and 3 H, 14 C, 87 Sr/86 Sr). The extent of horizontal flow component and the response of drip water chemistry to recharge events were examined in the Moravian Karst (Czech Republic), while the character of water flow and its chemistry were studied in salt diapirs in southeastern part of the Zagros mountains (Iran). Under the conditions of well-developed epikarst, the horizontal flow component, defined as Hmax/T (Hmax = horizontal migration component, T - thickness of VZ) typically reaches values of 0.1 - 0.6 (Moravian and Slovenian Karst). However, in areas where epikarst was stripped off by glacial or human activity, the proportion of horizontal flow component is far greater (Hmax/T 1.6 - 24). This parameter is vital for the design of water source protection zones above caves. Nitrate mean residence time in 120 m thick VZ of the Moravian karst exceeded 16 years. The VZ above the Ochoz Cave (Moravian Karst) represents a semi-open to open system with respect to soil CO2. Under a high drip rate (high flow), the event water only made 5% of the total. During the year, water degassing and so called prior...
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Stable isotopes in study of diet in Ursidae, including fossil taxa.
Marková, Aneta ; Horáček, Ivan (advisor) ; Čermák, Stanislav (referee)
Composition of food of members of the family Ursidae is often discussed topic. Up to now, however, there is some uncertainty about the trophic level of some fossil groups. Very useful method which helps us to determine the trophic level of the fossil species and determine the relative proportion of plant and animal components in the recent ones is the analysis of the stable isotopes. This study summarizes present state of methodological approaches and possibilities of use of the stable isotopes 13 C and 15 N in the study of foraging ecology of bears. The results of the analysis of stable isotopes are presented together with results obtained by other methods. Attention is paid to groups for which the relevant isotopic data are available, with special emphasis on the cave bear, which trophic level is evaluated on the basis of stable isotopes analysis as well as in the evolutionary and nutrition context.
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